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1．制定牛群的繁殖指標
編制繁(fan)殖計(ji)劃，首先要確定繁(fan)殖指(zhi)標(biao)。最理想的(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)殖率(lv)(lv)應(ying)達100％，產(chan)(chan)(chan)犢間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)為12個(ge)月，但這是不易辦到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)，實際生產(chan)(chan)(chan)中繁(fan)殖率(lv)(lv)不低于85％，產(chan)(chan)(chan)犢間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)不超過13個(ge)月。常用的(de)(de)(de)衡(heng)量(liang)繁(fan)殖力的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)有(you)：年(nian)(nian)總受(shou)(shou)(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率(lv)(lv)≥85％，計(ji)算(suan)公式(shi)(shi)(shi)：年(nian)(nian)總受(shou)(shou)(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率(lv)(lv)=年(nian)(nian)受(shou)(shou)(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)母(mu)牛頭(tou)數/年(nian)(nian)配(pei)種母(mu)牛頭(tou)數×100%年(nian)(nian)情(qing)期受(shou)(shou)(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率(lv)(lv)≥50％，計(ji)算(suan)公式(shi)(shi)(shi)：年(nian)(nian)情(qing)期受(shou)(shou)(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率(lv)(lv)=年(nian)(nian)受(shou)(shou)(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)母(mu)牛頭(tou)數/年(nian)(nian)輸精總情(qing)期數×100％年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)間(jian)距≤400天，計(ji)算(suan)公式(shi)(shi)(shi)：年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)間(jian)跑=∑胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)間(jian)距/頭(tou)數年(nian)(nian)繁(fan)殖率(lv)(lv)≤85％，計(ji)算(suan)公式(shi)(shi)(shi)：
年繁(fan)殖率=年產犢母牛數(shu)/年可繁(fan)母牛數(shu)×100％
2．制定繁殖、配種計劃
牛(niu)(niu)(niu)群繁(fan)殖(zhi)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)是按(an)預期(qi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，使母牛(niu)(niu)(niu)適時配種(zhong)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項措施，又是編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)群周轉計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)依(yi)據。編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)配種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)，不(bu)能(neng)單(dan)從自然生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規(gui)律出發，配種(zhong)多(duo)少就分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)多(duo)少；而應(ying)(ying)在全(quan)面研究(jiu)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)群生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)規(gui)律和(he)經濟(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，搞好選種(zhong)選配，根據開始繁(fan)殖(zhi)年(nian)齡、妊娠期(qi)、產(chan)(chan)犢間(jian)(jian)隔、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方向、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)任務、飼料供應(ying)(ying)、畜舍(she)設備以及飼養管理水(shui)平等條件，確定牛(niu)(niu)(niu)只的(de)(de)(de)(de)大批(pi)配種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)時間(jian)(jian)和(he)頭數，才能(neng)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)配種(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)。母牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)殖(zhi)特(te)點(dian)為全(quan)年(nian)散發性交配和(he)分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，季(ji)節(jie)性特(te)點(dian)不(bu)明顯。所謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)按(an)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)控制(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)犢，就是把(ba)母牛(niu)(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)娩(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)時間(jian)(jian)安排(pai)到最適宜產(chan)(chan)奶的(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)節(jie)，有利于(yu)提高生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性能(neng)。
以上就是小(xiao)編帶(dai)給您的(de)(de)關于奶牛的(de)(de)繁殖技(ji)術的(de)(de)介紹，希望今(jin)天帶(dai)給您的(de)(de)小(xiao)知識能夠對您有所幫助哦。