扁豆的種植技術

（1）支架種植

扁豆(dou)一般(ban)多進行(xing)直(zhi)(zhi)播，整地(di)施肥(fei)等與菜豆(dou)相同。畦(qi)寬133厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)10~16厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，溝(gou)寬50厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畦(qi)種兩(liang)行(xing)。行(xing)距67~83厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，株(zhu)距50厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，4月上、中(zhong)旬(xun)直(zhi)(zhi)播，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴播種3~4粒(li)(li)，覆(fu)土厚(hou)3~4厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)需(xu)種子3.5~4千克(ke)(ke)。后(hou)(hou)勻(yun)苗，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴留(liu)2株(zhu)。勻(yun)苗后(hou)(hou)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)從追施人(ren)(ren)糞尿500千克(ke)(ke)。至蔓長35厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)時，用(yong)0粗竹(zhu)竿搭(da)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)字(zi)架。以后(hou)(hou)在(zai)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)期間(jian)再(zai)追肥(fei)兩(liang)次(ci)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)施入(ru)人(ren)(ren)畜糞水(shui)500千克(ke)(ke)。至蔓長35厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)時，用(yong)粗竹(zhu)竿搭(da)成(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)字(zi)架。以后(hou)(hou)在(zai)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)期間(jian)再(zai)追肥(fei)兩(liang)次(ci)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)施入(ru)人(ren)(ren)畜糞水(shui)500千克(ke)(ke)左右(you)。其他中(zhong)耕、除(chu)草等工(gong)作與菜豆(dou)相同。早熟(shu)種在(zai)7月上旬(xun)即可采(cai)(cai)收，中(zhong)晚(wan)熟(shu)種在(zai)8月中(zhong)、下旬(xun)采(cai)(cai)收，可繼續收獲至下霜(shuang)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)產量為750~1000千克(ke)(ke)。留(liu)種可選(xuan)植株(zhu)中(zhong)部所結(jie)(jie)的(de)莢(jia)果(guo)，上部的(de)莢(jia)果(guo)時摘除(chu)食用(yong)。待所留(liu)的(de)莢(jia)果(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)下，脫粒(li)(li)曬干，貯藏備用(yong)。

（2）不支架種植

選用(yong)早熟品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小白扁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。整地、施(shi)基(ji)肥，做成(cheng)高畦，在3月用(yong)塑(su)料棚冷床育苗(miao)，苗(miao)期30天，4月定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，行、穴(xue)距各為40百米，每(mei)穴(xue)栽4株。當(dang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株高50，留40厘米摘心(xin)，使(shi)(shi)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)側枝(zhi)，當(dang)側枝(zhi)腋生(sheng)(sheng)出(chu)次側枝(zhi)后仍可繼(ji)續摘心(xin)，使(shi)(shi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株呈(cheng)從生(sheng)(sheng)狀。7月上旬(xun)開始采(cai)收，可一直采(cai)收到初霜，每(mei)667平方米嫩莢(jia)1000~1500千克。其(qi)他管理方法，與支架種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)似。由于摘心(xin)矮化，結莢(jia)很(hen)(hen)密，如肥、月管理及時，則生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)潛力很(hen)(hen)大。這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)不(bu)支架的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式，可早熟、豐產(chan)、節省架材，又正值(zhi)7~8月蔬菜淡季上市，是值(zhi)得(de)推廣應用(yong)的良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、良法。