惡苗病(bing)(bing)從紅(hong)米苗期(qi)(qi)至抽(chou)穗期(qi)(qi)均會發(fa)生，以分(fen)蘗期(qi)(qi)發(fa)生最多，種(zhong)子帶菌是主要的(de)侵染(ran)源，其次是病(bing)(bing)稻(dao)草(cao)。播種(zhong)帶菌稻(dao)種(zhong)或用(yong)有病(bing)(bing)的(de)稻(dao)草(cao)覆蓋，當稻(dao)種(zhong)萌發(fa)時，病(bing)(bing)菌從芽鞘(qiao)侵入引起(qi)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)。雖然(ran)惡苗病(bing)(bing)能引起(qi)再(zai)侵染(ran)，但病(bing)(bing)菌主要在前期(qi)(qi)即紅(hong)米芽鞘(qiao)期(qi)(qi)侵入，以后侵染(ran)健(jian)康植株引起(qi)稻(dao)苗發(fa)病(bing)(bing)的(de)可能性很小。

紅(hong)米(mi)惡(e)苗病(bing)主(zhu)要(yao)由種(zhong)(zhong)子帶菌(jun)(jun)(jun)引起，土(tu)壤不帶菌(jun)(jun)(jun)，不需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)病(bing)田土(tu)壤進行(xing)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑處理(li)。在(zai)(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)前用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)處理(li)種(zhong)(zhong)子是防治該(gai)病(bing)最有效的措施。目前登記(ji)用于浸種(zhong)(zhong)防治惡(e)苗病(bing)的藥(yao)(yao)(yao)主(zhu)要(yao)有咪鮮胺、二(er)硫(liu)氰(qing)基甲(jia)烷(wan)（浸種(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)）、氰(qing)烯(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)酯(zhi)、多(duo)(duo)·福(fu)、多(duo)(duo)·咪·福(fu)美雙等，其中(zhong)以咪鮮胺、二(er)硫(liu)氰(qing)基甲(jia)烷(wan)及其混配劑最常用。由于多(duo)(duo)年使用以多(duo)(duo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)靈(ling)為(wei)代表的苯駢咪唑類(lei)殺(sha)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)劑及其混配劑，導(dao)致紅(hong)米(mi)惡(e)苗病(bing)病(bing)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)對(dui)這類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)生(sheng)了較(jiao)高的抗藥(yao)(yao)(yao)性，同類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)劑咪鮮胺也存在(zai)(zai)潛在(zai)(zai)的抗藥(yao)(yao)(yao)性風(feng)險。近年來，江蘇(su)省農藥(yao)(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)所股份有限(xian)公(gong)司研發的25%氰(qing)烯(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)酯(zhi)懸浮劑登記(ji)用于防治紅(hong)米(mi)惡(e)苗病(bing)，推薦的浸種(zhong)(zhong)濃度為(wei)83.3～125毫克/升。該(gai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)紅(hong)米(mi)惡(e)苗病(bing)有良好防效，能有效殺(sha)滅已對(dui)多(duo)(duo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)靈(ling)等苯駢咪唑類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)生(sheng)抗藥(yao)(yao)(yao)性的紅(hong)米(mi)惡(e)苗病(bing)病(bing)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)。

生產上應先曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1～3天(tian)，選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后開始浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)般正常溫(wen)度(du)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)48小(xiao)時(shi)，溫(wen)度(du)偏低時(shi)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)60小(xiao)時(shi)。對育機插秧的(de)紅米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子或易感病(bing)(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)，應適當提高濃度(du)。降低溫(wen)度(du)催芽或浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不催芽播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，能在一(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)上減(jian)(jian)輕紅米(mi)惡苗病(bing)(bing)發生。不用(yong)病(bing)(bing)稻草作種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子催芽時(shi)的(de)覆蓋物，集中高溫(wen)堆(dui)漚或燒毀(hui)病(bing)(bing)稻草，可以減(jian)(jian)少紅米(mi)惡苗病(bing)(bing)菌(jun)源。

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