一、黃豆種植技術之嚴格選用優良品種

由(you)于去年(nian)秋季(ji)氣候(hou)干旱，黃豆收(shou)獲時(shi)生理(li)上可能沒有正常成(cheng)熟，機械脫粒(li)(li)使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)胚受(shou)傷可能性(xing)加大，這些都會影響(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)發(fa)芽(ya)率。因此今春要(yao)嚴格選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，最好采用(yong)粒(li)(li)選，把受(shou)傷種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子剔除，并做好發(fa)芽(ya)試驗，保證純(chun)度和發(fa)芽(ya)率達標，選用(yong)品(pin)質優、增產潛力大、適應(ying)性(xing)廣(guang)的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。值得注意的(de)(de)是，由(you)于全球溫室效應(ying)影響(xiang)，近幾年(nian)年(nian)積溫有增加趨(qu)勢，但一(yi)定要(yao)根據(ju)當(dang)地的(de)(de)氣象(xiang)條件，合(he)理(li)安排品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熟期，杜絕越區種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植現象(xiang)發(fa)生，否則秋收(shou)時(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子含水量偏高，會造成(cheng)不必要(yao)的(de)(de)損失。

二、黃豆種植技術之搞好播前種子處理

一是(shi)(shi)播前曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般能使(shi)發芽(ya)率提(ti)(ti)高13%左(zuo)右(you)，提(ti)(ti)早(zao)出苗2～3天。二是(shi)(shi)藥劑(ji)(ji)拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)包(bao)衣(yi)。溫度低或遇干旱(han)時，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)在土壤中(zhong)萌(meng)發時間長，易遭受病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)，可用(yong)(yong)黃豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)劑(ji)(ji)按藥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比1∶75～100防治(zhi)。防治(zhi)黃豆根腐病可用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)量(liang)0.5%的(de)50%多福合劑(ji)(ji)或種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)量(liang)0.3%的(de)50%多菌靈拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)嚴重的(de)地塊要(yao)選用(yong)(yong)既含(han)殺(sha)菌又含(han)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)包(bao)衣(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，未經包(bao)衣(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，需用(yong)(yong)35%甲基硫環磷乳油拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以防治(zhi)地下害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)。拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)劑(ji)(ji)可添加鉬酸銨，以提(ti)(ti)高黃豆出苗率和(he)固氮(dan)能力。

 三、黃豆種植技術之選用適宜的播種方式

去秋封凍前土(tu)壤底墑水分不足，今春(chun)降雪多于往年。建議黃豆田應避免采取(qu)活雪措施，以免水分過(guo)早蒸發，在黃豆播種期土(tu)壤形成干旱。未(wei)經秋翻地塊(kuai)采取(qu)原壟卡種，秋翻起壟地塊(kuai)采取(qu)平(ping)播后起壟或平(ping)作窄行密植，土(tu)壤墑情較差地塊(kuai)采取(qu)深開溝、淺覆土(tu)、重鎮(zhen)壓，干旱嚴

四、黃豆種植技術之搶墑播種爭取一次保全苗

盡(jin)管今(jin)年(nian)春雪較多，由于(yu)去(qu)年(nian)秋天的(de)干(gan)(gan)旱，底(di)墑(di)仍不足，要(yao)抓住(zhu)地(di)溫回升的(de)有利時機，利用早(zao)春“返漿水”搶(qiang)墑(di)播(bo)種(zhong)。當耕層(ceng)地(di)溫穩定通過5℃時可以進(jin)行(xing)播(bo)種(zhong)，并連續作(zuo)業防止土(tu)(tu)壤水分散失。可采取深開溝(gou)、淺覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)、重鎮(zhen)(zhen)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)播(bo)種(zhong)方法。深開溝(gou)以確保(bao)種(zhong)子播(bo)在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)土(tu)(tu)上，覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)均勻，鎮(zhen)(zhen)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)達到2厘米，確保(bao)播(bo)深一致。播(bo)后(hou)(hou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)墑(di)。土(tu)(tu)壤墑(di)情(qing)適(shi)宜時，播(bo)后(hou)(hou)2～3小時進(jin)行(xing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)壓(ya)(ya)；土(tu)(tu)壤墑(di)情(qing)較差時應(ying)隨播(bo)隨壓(ya)(ya)；土(tu)(tu)壤濕(shi)度大（含水量>25%）或播(bo)后(hou)(hou)遇雨的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)，需(xu)待地(di)表出現2厘米干(gan)(gan)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)時再進(jin)行(xing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)壓(ya)(ya)。播(bo)種(zhong)以后(hou)(hou)要(yao)定期(qi)查(cha)田。播(bo)后(hou)(hou)3～5天開始(shi)查(cha)墑(di)情(qing)，對失墑(di)嚴重的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)，采取措施進(jin)行(xing)補墑(di)；在(zai)(zai)出苗前查(cha)芽情(qing)，對芽干(gan)(gan)、壞種(zhong)地(di)塊(kuai)，及時坐水補種(zhong)；出苗后(hou)(hou)查(cha)苗情(qing)和(he)蟲情(qing)，對缺苗斷條(tiao)或遭受蟲害的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)，補種(zhong)早(zao)熟品(pin)種(zhong)或藥劑防治(zhi)。

五、黃豆種植技術之推進測土配方施肥

長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來，不(bu)少(shao)地方(fang)單憑經驗進行施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，造成土(tu)壤(rang)營養元(yuan)素(su)不(bu)平(ping)衡，生產(chan)上易出現缺鉀、缺微(wei)量元(yuan)素(su)等現象。要結(jie)合農(nong)(nong)業部實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的測土(tu)配方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)項目，堅持(chi)科學施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，根(gen)據測土(tu)結(jie)果，將氮(dan)、磷、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)按照一(yi)定(ding)比例配方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入。提倡秸稈(gan)還田、氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)分期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)緩(huan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，根(gen)據土(tu)壤(rang)鉀素(su)狀況，增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，適當補充鎂(mei)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。鼓(gu)勵(li)多施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，結(jie)合整(zheng)地施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入。化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)做種(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)要深施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于種(zhong)下(xia)4～5厘米，以(yi)免燒種(zhong)。建議在以(yi)上施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則(ze)基礎(chu)上，不(bu)同產(chan)量目標時(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量如(ru)下(xia)：（1）產(chan)量水平(ping)250公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)：氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（N）2.7～4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（P2O5）2.3～5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（K2O）2.3～5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)。（2）產(chan)量水平(ping)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)：氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（N）2.3～3.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（P2O5）1.5～4.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（K2O）1.5～4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)。（3）產(chan)量水平(ping)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)：氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（N）3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（P2O5）3.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)，鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（K2O）3.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)。

六、黃豆種植技術之安全高效使用除草劑

要(yao)因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)，根據不(bu)同(tong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)相，科學(xue)合理(li)選擇安(an)全(quan)(quan)高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)化學(xue)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)方式(shi)及除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji)。中西部易旱區，提(ti)倡苗后莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)(xie)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。為防(fang)止藥害(hai)發生，在白(bai)漿土地(di)、鹽堿(jian)土地(di)、砂壤(rang)土地(di)、土壤(rang)水份較大的(de)黃(huang)(huang)豆(dou)田不(bu)宜(yi)使用(yong)嗪草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)酮、2，4-D丁酯或(huo)含此類藥劑(ji)的(de)配方進行封閉除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。鑒于(yu)(yu)今年(nian)冬雪大、回暖早，有利于(yu)(yu)多年(nian)生雜(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)提(ti)前(qian)萌(meng)發的(de)特(te)點，可(ke)(ke)(ke)在黃(huang)(huang)豆(dou)播種后拱土前(qian)的(de)明草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)期(qi)，使用(yong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甘膦進行滅生性除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)有效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)對“苣(ju)荬菜(cai)”、“刺兒(er)(er)菜(cai)”等(deng)(deng)多年(nian)生宿根性雜(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)防(fang)效(xiao)。苗前(qian)封閉除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，如果土壤(rang)墑情(qing)(qing)較好，按(an)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji)使用(yong)說(shuo)明書正常用(yong)量除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，黃(huang)(huang)豆(dou)田可(ke)(ke)(ke)使用(yong)乙草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)胺(an)、異丙(bing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)胺(an)、異丙(bing)甲草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)胺(an)、異噁草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)松、丙(bing)炔氟(fu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)胺(an)（速收）等(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)。如果土壤(rang)墑情(qing)(qing)比較差(cha)，不(bu)建(jian)議封閉除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。苗后莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)(xie)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)使用(yong)精喹禾(he)(he)靈(ling)、高(gao)效(xiao)氟(fu)吡(bi)甲禾(he)(he)靈(ling)（高(gao)效(xiao)蓋(gai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)能(neng)）、精吡(bi)氟(fu)禾(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)靈(ling)（精穩殺得）、氟(fu)磺胺(an)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)醚、稀禾(he)(he)啶(ding)、苯達松等(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)。“苣(ju)荬菜(cai)”、“刺兒(er)(er)菜(cai)”莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)(xie)防(fang)除(chu)(chu)時期(qi)為黃(huang)(huang)豆(dou)第一片復(fu)葉(xie)(xie)全(quan)(quan)展期(qi)，既可(ke)(ke)(ke)提(ti)高(gao)防(fang)效(xiao)，又(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)減(jian)輕(qing)藥害(hai)。鴨(ya)趾(zhi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)(xie)防(fang)除(chu)(chu)，一定要(yao)在雜(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)剛發芽(ya)時用(yong)藥。最好不(bu)使用(yong)普施(shi)特(te)、豆(dou)磺隆、虎畏、闊草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)清、廣(guang)滅靈(ling)等(deng)(deng)長(chang)殘效(xiao)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji)。

七、黃豆種植技術之科學防治病蟲害

今(jin)年持續(xu)暖冬對(dui)(dui)(dui)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)豆(dou)病菌和(he)病蟲(chong)(chong)卵安全越冬極為(wei)有利，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)豆(dou)病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)可(ke)能偏重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。要(yao)根據(ju)當(dang)地病蟲(chong)(chong)危害(hai)(hai)情(qing)況和(he)防(fang)(fang)治的主(zhu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象，有針對(dui)(dui)(dui)性地選擇種衣(yi)劑，全面(mian)實施(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)豆(dou)種子包衣(yi)。在二(er)條(tiao)葉(xie)甲(jia)、蛇根潛蠅(ying)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)較重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地區，使用(yong)35%多克福種衣(yi)劑（克百威含量必須達到(dao)10%），以(yi)控制因蟲(chong)(chong)傷引起的根腐病發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。在地下害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)較輕地區，可(ke)使用(yong)2.5%適樂時包衣(yi)防(fang)(fang)治黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)豆(dou)根腐病。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)豆(dou)胞囊線(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)區，應實行與非(fei)豆(dou)類(lei)作物五年以(yi)上的輪作或種植抗線(xian)品(pin)種。防(fang)(fang)治黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)豆(dou)根絨粉蚧(jie)，要(yao)抓住(zhu)醒蟄后尚未固定為(wei)害(hai)(hai)的低齡若蟲(chong)(chong)期(qi)，每畝(mu)用(yong)75%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉(lin)3克加(jia)48%毒(du)死蜱(pi)60毫升(sheng)，于黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)豆(dou)子葉(xie)出土前和(he)子葉(xie)展(zhan)開后兩次施(shi)(shi)藥。蠐螬發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的地塊(kuai)，應使用(yong)辛硫磷、毒(du)死蜱(pi)等(deng)(deng)顆粒劑隨種肥施(shi)(shi)入田間進行預防(fang)(fang)。今(jin)春應加(jia)大對(dui)(dui)(dui)二(er)條(tiao)葉(xie)甲(jia)、蒙古灰象甲(jia)、網目沙潛、斑須蝽等(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的預防(fang)(fang)。可(ke)用(yong)3%啶蟲(chong)(chong)咪每畝(mu)50毫升(sheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)水30～50升(sheng)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)治。地老虎可(ke)在苗期(qi)早期(qi)采用(yong)青(qing)(qing)草(cao)(cao)誘殺(sha)，割青(qing)(qing)草(cao)(cao)間隔5米堆(dui)成堆(dui)，在堆(dui)底噴(pen)灑80%敵敵畏300倍液，也可(ke)實施(shi)(shi)人工捕殺(sha)。此(ci)外，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)迎茬地塊(kuai)要(yao)注(zhu)意出苗后用(yong)毒(du)餌防(fang)(fang)治鼠害(hai)(hai)。

如(ru)果(guo)您(nin)有更多關于黃豆(dou)種植技術的(de)信息想要知(zhi)道(dao)，可以點擊(ji)查(cha)看農業之友網站(zhan)黃豆(dou)頻道(dao)詳(xiang)細了解，希望能夠幫到大家。