一、選育種

蓮藕的(de)選(xuan)育種主要包括無性選(xuan)種和有性雜(za)交(jiao)育種等方法。

1.無性選種。

我國蓮(lian)藕的種(zhong)(zhong)質資源豐富(fu)，為無(wu)性(xing)選種(zhong)(zhong)提供了很(hen)好(hao)的條件，近年來(lai)從無(wu)性(xing)系的優株中選育成的品種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)科選1號(hao)、鄂蓮(lian)1號(hao)、浙湖1號(hao)、武植2號(hao)、贛(gan)蓮(lian)85-4、贛(gan)蓮(lian)85-5等(deng)。無(wu)性(xing)選種(zhong)(zhong)的方法是(shi)廣泛發動蓮(lian)藕產(chan)區(qu)的群眾(zhong)，對于產(chan)量高、品質好(hao)、適應性(xing)強、抗(kang)病力強、特(te)早熟(shu)(shu)或(huo)特(te)晚熟(shu)(shu)等(deng)單株，及時(shi)報送(song)到有(you)關的科研部門(men)或(huo)農業主管部門(men)，并進(jin)行無(wu)性(xing)繁殖和推廣。

2.有性雜交。

有(you)性(xing)雜(za)交是培(pei)育(yu)蓮(lian)藕新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)的(de)有(you)效方法之一，已廣泛應用在蓮(lian)藕的(de)育(yu)種(zhong)上。有(you)性(xing)雜(za)交可(ke)以充分利用父母本(ben)的(de)優良性(xing)狀(zhuang)，有(you)目的(de)地培(pei)育(yu)高產、優質、抗病性(xing)強(qiang)、特早熟或特晚熟等新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)。近年(nian)來通過有(you)性(xing)雜(za)交培(pei)育(yu)的(de)新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)有(you)鄂(e)蓮(lian)3號(hao)、揚(yang)藕1號(hao)、鄂(e)蓮(lian)4號(hao)、湘(xiang)白蓮(lian)1號(hao)等。

二、留種

要獲得(de)高產、優質的(de)蓮(lian)(lian)藕(ou)(ou)或蓮(lian)(lian)子，蓮(lian)(lian)藕(ou)(ou)的(de)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)很重要。藕(ou)(ou)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)要在(zai)藕(ou)(ou)田中越(yue)冬。越(yue)冬期(qi)間，田里要保持一層淺(qian)水，不(bu)能干(gan)燥(zao)，凍裂。在(zai)不(bu)能經常保持淺(qian)水處，要用(yong)稻(dao)草(cao)覆蓋防(fang)寒，第二年栽藕(ou)(ou)前挖(wa)出種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)，隨(sui)挖(wa)，隨(sui)栽。每(mei)畝留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)田，可供5～6畝地用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。連作(zuo)藕(ou)(ou)田留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)，在(zai)采(cai)藕(ou)(ou)時(shi)，用(yong)采(cai)八留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二的(de)方法(fa)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即每(mei)采(cai)2米寬(kuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)0.5米寬(kuan)不(bu)采(cai)，作(zuo)為(wei)下年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)。以后各年，輪(lun)換采(cai)收(shou)和留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)位。

留(liu)種田的(de)栽(zai)植與大(da)田生(sheng)產相似，唯(wei)栽(zai)植與收獲較晚。大(da)田采收后留(liu)種田仍應加強田間管(guan)理工作，尤(you)其是(shi)水(shui)(shui)分管(guan)理和病(bing)蟲害的(de)防治。留(liu)種田冬季不(bu)能斷水(shui)(shui)，應保(bao)持(chi)3～5厘米的(de)淺水(shui)(shui)，防止土(tu)壤干燥(zao)，使種藕(ou)受凍。種藕(ou)采收一般要(yao)到(dao)大(da)田栽(zai)植時隨栽(zai)隨挖，謹慎小心，保(bao)持(chi)藕(ou)身(shen)完整，不(bu)要(yao)損(sun)傷碰斷芽頭。

種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)收(shou)獲后，到栽植時還應對種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)選擇一(yi)次。根據品種(zhong)(zhong)特征，選藕(ou)身端正、肥(fei)大(da)、完整，先端有子藕(ou)，無(wu)病蟲害、無(wu)傷痕的(de)作種(zhong)(zhong)。

此(ci)外，還(huan)應(ying)在(zai)生長(chang)期間在(zai)田(tian)間進行(xing)去雜去劣，及時(shi)扭折(zhe)花梗，捏(nie)碎(sui)小花蕾，使(shi)養分(fen)集中(zhong)結藕。

為了探(tan)索(suo)蓮藕(ou)的(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)育技(ji)(ji)術，武漢市蔬菜研究所曾對蓮子(zi)(zi)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、整藕(ou)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、主藕(ou)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、子(zi)(zi)藕(ou)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、藕(ou)節(jie)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和頂(ding)芽(ya)(ya)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)進行比較(jiao)。從產量、質量、生長發育動態等各方面進行觀察與分(fen)析，認為應(ying)該(gai)推(tui)行子(zi)(zi)藕(ou)作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術，改進了傳統(tong)主藕(ou)作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)，是簡便易行的(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)。頂(ding)芽(ya)(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是一個(ge)有前途的(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)，但要(yao)與育苗技(ji)(ji)術相配套。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不宜(yi)在生產上推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用，而在育種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上是一個(ge)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)手段。