1．制定牛群的繁殖指標

編(bian)制繁殖(zhi)計(ji)劃，首(shou)先要確(que)定繁殖(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)。最理(li)想的繁殖(zhi)率應達100％，產犢間(jian)(jian)隔為12個月，但這是不易辦(ban)到的。所以，實(shi)際生產中繁殖(zhi)率不低于(yu)85％，產犢間(jian)(jian)隔不超過13個月。常用(yong)的衡量(liang)繁殖(zhi)力(li)的指(zhi)標(biao)有：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)受(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率≥85％，計(ji)算公(gong)式：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)受(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率=年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)受(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)母(mu)牛(niu)(niu)頭(tou)(tou)數(shu)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)配(pei)種(zhong)母(mu)牛(niu)(niu)頭(tou)(tou)數(shu)×100%年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)情(qing)期受(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率≥50％，計(ji)算公(gong)式：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)情(qing)期受(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)率=年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)受(shou)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)母(mu)牛(niu)(niu)頭(tou)(tou)數(shu)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輸(shu)精(jing)總(zong)情(qing)期數(shu)×100％年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)間(jian)(jian)距≤400天，計(ji)算公(gong)式：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)間(jian)(jian)跑(pao)=∑胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)間(jian)(jian)距/頭(tou)(tou)數(shu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)繁殖(zhi)率≤85％，計(ji)算公(gong)式：

年繁(fan)殖率=年產犢母(mu)牛數(shu)/年可繁(fan)母(mu)牛數(shu)×100％

2．制定繁殖、配種計劃

牛(niu)(niu)群繁(fan)殖計(ji)劃是(shi)按預期(qi)要(yao)求，使母牛(niu)(niu)適時配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)、分(fen)娩(mian)(mian)的(de)一項措施，又是(shi)編(bian)制牛(niu)(niu)群周轉計(ji)劃的(de)重要(yao)依據(ju)(ju)。編(bian)制配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)娩(mian)(mian)計(ji)劃，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)單從自然生產(chan)規(gui)律(lv)出發(fa)，配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)少(shao)就(jiu)(jiu)分(fen)娩(mian)(mian)多(duo)少(shao)；而應在全面研究牛(niu)(niu)群生產(chan)規(gui)律(lv)和經濟要(yao)求的(de)基礎(chu)上，搞好選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)配(pei)(pei)，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)開(kai)始繁(fan)殖年齡、妊娠(shen)期(qi)、產(chan)犢間(jian)隔、生產(chan)方向、生產(chan)任務、飼料供應、畜(chu)舍(she)設備以及飼養管理水平等(deng)條(tiao)件，確定牛(niu)(niu)只的(de)大批(pi)配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)娩(mian)(mian)時間(jian)和頭數，才能(neng)(neng)編(bian)制配(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)娩(mian)(mian)計(ji)劃。母牛(niu)(niu)的(de)繁(fan)殖特(te)點為全年散發(fa)性交配(pei)(pei)和分(fen)娩(mian)(mian)，季節性特(te)點不(bu)明顯。所(suo)謂的(de)按計(ji)劃控制產(chan)犢，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)把母牛(niu)(niu)的(de)分(fen)娩(mian)(mian)時間(jian)安排到最適宜(yi)產(chan)奶的(de)季節，有利于提高生產(chan)性能(neng)(neng)。

以上(shang)就是(shi)小(xiao)編帶給(gei)您的(de)關于奶牛的(de)繁殖(zhi)技術的(de)介紹，希(xi)望今天帶給(gei)您的(de)小(xiao)知識能夠對(dui)您有(you)所幫助哦。