近年來，隨著農(nong)產品(pin)質量安全監(jian)管力(li)度和控制措施(shi)的加(jia)強，我國(guo)農(nong)產品(pin)中(zhong)的農(nong)藥殘留污染問題總(zong)體處于(yu)可(ke)控狀態，監(jian)測合格(ge)率(lv)已達96%以(yi)上。然而，消費(fei)者總(zong)是心存(cun)疑慮，甚至產生許多(duo)誤解，需(xu)要加(jia)強科普宣傳，正(zheng)確引導。

我國農藥殘留問題發展態勢向好

農(nong)(nong)藥殘(can)留(liu)是影響農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安全(quan)的重要(yao)因素之一。我(wo)國新修訂(ding)的《食品安全(quan)法(fa)》和《農(nong)(nong)藥管(guan)理條例(li)(li)》都要(yao)求禁止將劇毒、高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)藥用于果蔬茶和中(zhong)(zhong)草藥材等(deng)作物，并對違法(fa)使用作出了相關處罰(fa)規定(ding)。農(nong)(nong)業部近日公布的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品質量安全(quan)執法(fa)監(jian)管(guan)九(jiu)大典型(xing)案例(li)(li)，其中(zhong)(zhong)有兩例(li)(li)就(jiu)是因將高(gao)毒農(nong)(nong)藥違法(fa)用于蔬菜生產(chan)而受到查處和判刑的。

在標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)體系方(fang)面，我國(guo)對農藥殘(can)留問題也進行了嚴(yan)格(ge)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)。目(mu)前我國(guo)已有(you)農業標(biao)準(zhun)（包括國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)和行業標(biao)準(zhun)）近萬項。今年6月18日(ri)開始實施的(de)新(xin)版GB2763《食品安全國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)食品中(zhong)農藥最大殘(can)留限量》規(gui)(gui)(gui)定了4140項農藥殘(can)留限量標(biao)準(zhun)，涉及(ji)433種農藥。

近年來，我國農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)農(nong)藥殘留(liu)(liu)問題一直(zhi)保持(chi)向好發(fa)展的趨(qu)勢，不僅(jin)合格率大幅上升，而(er)且污染(ran)檢(jian)出值(zhi)大大下降。如2016年全國蔬菜農(nong)藥殘留(liu)(liu)監(jian)測(ce)總體合格率達到96.8%，比(bi)15年前提高了(le)30個百分點(dian)以(yi)上，并且已很少(shao)發(fa)現(xian)農(nong)藥殘留(liu)(liu)檢(jian)出值(zhi)高于(yu)1mg/kg的樣品(pin)(pin)。同時，因農(nong)藥殘留(liu)(liu)超(chao)標(biao)而(er)造成的農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)出口(kou)受阻現(xian)象大為(wei)減少(shao)，急性中毒事故(gu)更是(shi)很少(shao)發(fa)生。

農藥殘留問題首先需從生產環節抓起

農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)安(an)全(quan)，既(ji)是“管”出來的(de)，但根(gen)本的(de)還是“產(chan)”出來的(de)，所以(yi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留控(kong)制(zhi)，首(shou)先必須從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環節抓起。近年(nian)(nian)來，有一定規(gui)模的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)主體越來越重(zhong)視(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)全(quan)程(cheng)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)理(li)念也已逐漸(jian)從單純依賴最終農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)檢測轉變為以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)為主。同時(shi)，通(tong)過科技(ji)創新和(he)綜合配套，各種安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)得以(yi)推廣應用(yong)(yong)，既(ji)有高(gao)溫悶棚、防蟲網、殺蟲燈、色誘板、捕食螨等物(wu)理(li)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治方法，也有高(gao)效(xiao)低毒低殘留農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)新品(pin)種和(he)新劑型及施藥(yao)(yao)新方法，大大減少了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。2015年(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業部啟(qi)動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、化肥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量零增(zeng)長行動計(ji)劃(hua)，要(yao)求到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)力爭實現(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、化肥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量零增(zeng)長；去(qu)年(nian)(nian)科技(ji)部啟(qi)動“農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)、化肥減施增(zeng)效(xiao)綜合技(ji)術(shu)研發(fa)”重(zhong)大科技(ji)專項，計(ji)劃(hua)到(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)在保(bao)證主要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)穩產(chan)的(de)基礎上，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)和(he)化肥分別減施30%和(he)20%。

生產(chan)(chan)環節(jie)農(nong)(nong)藥殘留控制的結果，不僅確保了(le)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質量安(an)全，而(er)且使得(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)者取得(de)了(le)較大的效益。如(ru)浙江黃巖農(nong)(nong)民采用“一(yi)品一(yi)策(ce)”技術(shu)生產(chan)(chan)出“羅縵(man)”楊(yang)梅(mei)，農(nong)(nong)藥使用次數從4次減為1次，產(chan)(chan)值增加(jia)3倍，每斤(jin)“羅縵(man)”楊(yang)梅(mei)價格(ge)達到40元以上。

只要農殘不超標，消費者可放心食用

農(nong)(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全是全球性長期存(cun)在的(de)問題，并且隨著生(sheng)活質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要求的(de)提高(gao)，愈發受(shou)到關注(zhu)。由于個別生(sheng)產者違法違規或濫用農(nong)(nong)藥等(deng)農(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品等(deng)造成(cheng)的(de)偶(ou)發性事件，加上(shang)部(bu)分(fen)媒(mei)體對偶(ou)發性或非真正農(nong)(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全問題的(de)不客觀報道(dao)甚(shen)至炒(chao)作(zuo)，消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者對農(nong)(nong)產品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)(an)全普遍存(cun)在著不信任或憂慮的(de)現象，有時甚(shen)至引起不必要的(de)消(xiao)費(fei)(fei)恐慌。

實際上(shang)，農(nong)藥(yao)仍然是(shi)(shi)(shi)目前乃至今(jin)后(hou)都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)缺少的主要農(nong)業(ye)投(tou)入(ru)品，發(fa)(fa)達(da)國家(jia)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)如此，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能保證糧食(shi)安全(quan)和農(nong)產(chan)品有效(xiao)供(gong)給(gei)，即使(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有機農(nong)業(ye)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以允許使(shi)用(yong)生物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)和礦物(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)的。同時，近二十多年來，農(nong)藥(yao)向(xiang)(xiang)綠(lv)色、高效(xiao)、低(di)毒(du)(du)和低(di)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)方向(xiang)(xiang)發(fa)(fa)展已取得(de)了(le)很大(da)(da)成(cheng)效(xiao)，目前使(shi)用(yong)的多數農(nong)藥(yao)毒(du)(du)性都很低(di)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)除草劑、植物(wu)和昆蟲生長調節劑類農(nong)藥(yao)，如膨大(da)(da)劑氯吡脲(niao)的毒(du)(du)性甚(shen)至低(di)于食(shi)鹽(yan)。農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)后(hou)在農(nong)產(chan)品中檢出殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正常的，只要農(nong)產(chan)品中的農(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超標(biao)(biao)，消費者就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以放心(xin)食(shi)用(yong)。農(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)超標(biao)(biao)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)格的農(nong)產(chan)品是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)銷售的，但也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)有毒(du)(du)食(shi)品，只有超標(biao)(biao)到一定程度才(cai)有可(ke)(ke)能危害人體健康，就(jiu)(jiu)如我們(men)(men)吃了(le)剛過期的食(shi)品往往也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)過分擔心(xin)一樣(yang)。所以，我們(men)(men)對(dui)農(nong)產(chan)品中的農(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)(can)留(liu)(liu)問題應(ying)理性對(dui)待，大(da)(da)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必產(chan)生恐慌心(xin)理。