一、加強公母奶山羊的飼養。母(mu)(mu)奶山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)經過分娩、泌乳(ru)，身體(ti)逐漸變瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)，體(ti)質(zhi)變差。公(gong)(gong)(gong)奶山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)由于長期不(bu)配種(zhong)(zhong)，飼(si)養粗放，膘情(qing)(qing)(qing)不(bu)好。一般來說，膘情(qing)(qing)(qing)好的(de)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)早(zao)，排孵多，繁殖率(lv)高(gao)，而瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)羊(yang)則發情(qing)(qing)(qing)遲(chi)，排卵少，繁殖率(lv)低。膘情(qing)(qing)(qing)好的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)，精液品質(zhi)較好，射精量較多，精子密度大，活力好。所以要(yao)(yao)在配種(zhong)(zhong)前兩個月適(shi)當(dang)增加優(you)質(zhi)的(de)飼(si)草(cao)(cao)飼(si)料。對種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)和(he)瘦(shou)(shou)(shou)弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)要(yao)(yao)補充(chong)一些含蛋白質(zhi)的(de)飼(si)料和(he)青綠飼(si)料，青綠飼(si)料富(fu)含維生素和(he)微(wei)量元(yuan)素，這些物質(zhi)能(neng)增強公(gong)(gong)(gong)奶山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)精子活力，促進母(mu)(mu)奶山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)的(de)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)，增加排卵數量，所以，要(yao)(yao)求公(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)奶山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)都要(yao)(yao)保持中上等膘情(qing)(qing)(qing)。不(bu)能(neng)等到配種(zhong)(zhong)時猛增飼(si)料。俗(su)話(hua)說：“早(zao)喂(wei)在腿上，晚(wan)喂(wei)在嘴上”。但是(shi)(shi)過高(gao)的(de)營(ying)養水平也(ye)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)適(shi)宜的(de)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)過肥性欲低，母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)過肥不(bu)易懷孕。但是(shi)(shi)，對種(zhong)(zhong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)在配種(zhong)(zhong)旺(wang)季要(yao)(yao)特殊照顧，應付(fu)繁重的(de)配種(zhong)(zhong)任(ren)務。每只公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)補飼(si)混(hun)合飼(si)料1～1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，鮮草(cao)(cao)任(ren)意采食，骨粉10克、食鹽(yan)15～20克、雞蛋2～3個帶皮搗碎，拌入飼(si)料中，也(ye)可直放到羊(yang)嘴里。

二、搞好選種。選擇繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)率和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產性(xing)(xing)都高的(de)(de)公母(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)，是提(ti)高奶山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)率和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要方面(mian)。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)一定要重(zhong)視老羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、弱羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)不(bu)孕(yun)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)淘汰(tai)工作(zuo)，才能保證(zheng)適齡(ling)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)有較高的(de)(de)比例，以提(ti)高基礎羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)的(de)(de)質量，加快羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)發展和(he)增加收入。羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)一般生(sheng)(sheng)后15～18個月體重(zhong)達到30～40公斤時(shi)開(kai)始配(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)適宜，但實踐(jian)中(zhong)，當(dang)年的(de)(de)小(xiao)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)一般都要配(pei)上種(zhong)(zhong)，這樣要對當(dang)年懷孕(yun)的(de)(de)小(xiao)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)加強喂養，以便不(bu)影響小(xiao)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)胎(tai)兒的(de)(de)正常生(sheng)(sheng)長發育。要多(duo)留3～5歲的(de)(de)壯年羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，這個年齡(ling)段的(de)(de)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，體質健壯，產奶多(duo)，羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出生(sheng)(sheng)后長得也(ye)快。

三、適時配種。準(zhun)胎率的高低(di)與配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)關系很大。如果掌握(wo)好配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)期(qi)(qi)內，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)即可。母(mu)(mu)奶山羊每(mei)隔(ge)20天(tian)左右(you)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，每(mei)次(ci)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)持(chi)續(xu)期(qi)(qi)為20～28小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。排(pai)卵期(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)開始后(hou)(hou)30～40小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。成熟卵排(pai)出后(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)輸卵管中存(cun)活時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)為48小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。公(gong)羊精子(zi)在(zai)(zai)母(mu)(mu)羊生(sheng)殖道內受精作用最旺盛的時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)24小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you)。為了使精子(zi)和卵子(zi)得(de)到(dao)充(chong)分結合(he)的機會，最好在(zai)(zai)排(pai)卵前數小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)內配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)。因此，比較(jiao)適宜的配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)應是發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的中期(qi)(qi)。實踐(jian)證明，母(mu)(mu)羊的年(nian)(nian)(nian)齡不(bu)同，掌握(wo)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)的時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)也有所不(bu)同，一(yi)(yi)般老母(mu)(mu)羊發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)持(chi)續(xu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)短(duan)，應在(zai)(zai)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)后(hou)(hou)提(ti)前配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)。青年(nian)(nian)(nian)母(mu)(mu)羊發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)期(qi)(qi)較(jiao)長(chang)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)可稍推后(hou)(hou)。中年(nian)(nian)(nian)母(mu)(mu)羊發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)長(chang)短(duan)適中，配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)者中間(jian)(jian)。俗話說：“老配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)早，少配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)晚，不(bu)老不(bu)少配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)中間(jian)(jian)”就是這個(ge)道理。另外，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)發情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)期(qi)(qi)，采取多次(ci)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)，也有利于提(ti)高準(zhun)胎率。

四、對不能按時發情的母羊要及早采取措施。一是要增加母(mu)(mu)奶(nai)山羊(yang)(yang)的(de)運動，增加光照，保持欄圈清潔(jie)衛生。二是在母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)預(yu)定配(pei)種時(shi)間前半個(ge)月開始把試情(qing)(qing)羊(yang)(yang)拴在母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)旁邊(bian)誘情(qing)(qing)。如(ru)果是羊(yang)(yang)群，則每(mei)日(ri)(ri)一次或早晚兩次定時(shi)把試情(qing)(qing)羊(yang)(yang)放入，管(guan)理人(ren)員要及(ji)時(shi)觀(guan)察，發現(xian)發情(qing)(qing)羊(yang)(yang)及(ji)時(shi)配(pei)種并作(zuo)記錄。三是每(mei)天(tian)減少(shao)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)擠(ji)(ji)奶(nai)次數或隔日(ri)(ri)擠(ji)(ji)奶(nai)，以刺激(ji)(ji)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)早發情(qing)(qing)。四是日(ri)(ri)服(fu)發情(qing)(qing)藥。每(mei)只母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)每(mei)日(ri)(ri)口服(fu)促卵(luan)泡素或促黃體(ti)激(ji)(ji)素制劑，持續12～14天(tian)，每(mei)日(ri)(ri)可(ke)用甲地孕酮4～6毫克或孕酮15～30毫克。最(zui)后一次口服(fu)藥的(de)當天(tian)，注射PMSG400～750國(guo)際單位。