麥(mai)茬夏(xia)大豆(dou)(dou)節(jie)本(ben)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)(shu)是在小(xiao)麥(mai)機(ji)(ji)械收獲并(bing)將(jiang)全(quan)部或(huo)部分秸(jie)稈(gan)還田的(de)基礎上，集成(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)護性機(ji)(ji)械耕(geng)作(zuo)、播(bo)后或(huo)苗后化學除草、病蟲害防(fang)控(kong)、化學調控(kong)、根瘤(liu)菌接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等單項(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)配套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)(shu)體(ti)系。隨著配套農機(ji)(ji)具的(de)不斷完(wan)善，麥(mai)茬夏(xia)大豆(dou)(dou)節(jie)本(ben)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)(shu)已經成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)我國黃淮海(hai)冬小(xiao)麥(mai)—夏(xia)大豆(dou)(dou)一年兩(liang)熟區的(de)主要種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)式。該技術(shu)(shu)分為(wei)滅(mie)茬直播(bo)技術(shu)(shu)、免耕(geng)覆秸(jie)精(jing)量播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術(shu)(shu)和(he)撒播(bo)淺旋(xuan)技術(shu)(shu)。

增產增效情況：和常規技術相比，應(ying)用(yong)麥茬節(jie)(jie)本種植技術可增產大豆10%左右(you)，水分、肥料利用(yong)率提高(gao)10%以上(shang)(shang)，畝增收節(jie)(jie)支60元以上(shang)(shang)，同時土壤肥力不斷提高(gao)，水土流(liu)失(shi)減少，并可避免(mian)因秸稈焚(fen)燒造成的環境污(wu)染。

麥茬夏大豆種植技術要點：小麥(mai)秸(jie)稈處理(li)。滅(mie)茬(cha)直播技術采用聯合收(shou)割(ge)機收(shou)獲小麥(mai)，并加帶秸(jie)稈粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)拋撒裝置(zhi)，將秸(jie)稈粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)后均(jun)勻拋撒。小麥(mai)留(liu)茬(cha)高度(du)在(zai)(zai)20厘米以下，秸(jie)稈粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)后長度(du)在(zai)(zai)10厘米以下，如未在(zai)(zai)聯合收(shou)割(ge)機上加裝拋撒裝置(zhi)，可用錘爪式(shi)秸(jie)稈粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)機將秸(jie)稈粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)1～2遍；免耕覆秸(jie)精量播種(zhong)技術對麥(mai)秸(jie)長度(du)及(ji)麥(mai)茬(cha)高度(du)不作要求；撒播淺(qian)旋技術采用聯合收(shou)割(ge)機收(shou)獲小麥(mai)，小麥(mai)留(liu)茬(cha)高度(du)在(zai)(zai)20厘米以下，秸(jie)稈進行打包處理(li)并運出(chu)田間，隨后用錘爪式(shi)秸(jie)稈粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)機將麥(mai)茬(cha)粉(fen)(fen)碎(sui)1～2遍。

麥茬夏大豆種植技術的播種。1.選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：選用(yong)高(gao)產、優(you)質、耐密(mi)(mi)大(da)(da)豆品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。精(jing)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，保證(zheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發芽(ya)率。每(mei)畝(mu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)在4～5千(qian)克之(zhi)間，保苗(miao)1.5萬株（耐密(mi)(mi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可適(shi)當增加(jia)）。2.適(shi)期(qi)早播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)：麥(mai)收后抓緊搶(qiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，宜(yi)早不宜(yi)晚(wan)，底(di)墑不足時造(zao)墑播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。3.播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：滅茬(cha)直(zhi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)技術(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)械播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，精(jing)量(liang)勻播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，開(kai)溝、施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)一次完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)，行(xing)距40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)(shen)度(du)3～5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。免耕(geng)(geng)覆(fu)秸精(jing)量(liang)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技術(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)麥(mai)茬(cha)地大(da)(da)豆免耕(geng)(geng)覆(fu)秸播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，精(jing)量(liang)點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，拔(ba)秸、開(kai)溝、施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)、覆(fu)秸一次完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)，行(xing)距40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)(shen)度(du)3～5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)淺旋(xuan)(xuan)技術(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)人(ren)工播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)撒(sa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料；為了保證(zheng)均勻，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料撒(sa)施均分(fen)(fen)兩(liang)次完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)；注意播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)分(fen)(fen)開(kai)作(zuo)業；撒(sa)完(wan)(wan)后用(yong)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕(geng)(geng)機(ji)(ji)淺旋(xuan)(xuan)一遍，深(shen)(shen)度(du)5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右；旋(xuan)(xuan)耕(geng)(geng)機(ji)(ji)后面(mian)帶鎮壓器(qi)或木板進行(xing)鎮壓保墑。4.施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)：畝(mu)施種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)（復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15）10～15千(qian)克，或在前茬(cha)（小麥(mai)）整地時，在小麥(mai)正(zheng)常施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)的基礎上畝(mu)增施磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10千(qian)克、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10千(qian)克，也可在大(da)(da)豆分(fen)(fen)枝期(qi)結合(he)中耕(geng)(geng)培土(tu)(tu)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。5.拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：按(an)照每(mei)粒大(da)(da)豆種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)根瘤(liu)菌105～106個(ge)的用(yong)量(liang)，以(yi)(yi)加(jia)水或摻土(tu)(tu)的方式(shi)稀釋(shi)菌劑，均勻拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)使根瘤(liu)菌劑粘在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)表面(mian)，拌完(wan)(wan)后盡快（12小時內）播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

麥茬夏大豆種植技術的田間管理。1.雜草(cao)控制：一是播(bo)種(zhong)后出苗(miao)前，用都(dou)爾、乙草(cao)胺(an)等(deng)化學除草(cao)劑封閉土(tu)(tu)表，采用免耕覆秸精(jing)量播(bo)種(zhong)技術播(bo)種(zhong)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)在播(bo)種(zhong)機上加裝噴(pen)霧裝置，在覆土(tu)(tu)后、覆秸前完(wan)成。二(er)是出苗(miao)后用高效蓋草(cao)能（禾本(ben)科雜草(cao)）、虎(hu)威(wei)（闊葉(xie)雜草(cao)）等(deng)除草(cao)劑進(jin)行莖(jing)葉(xie)處理(li)。2.病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治(zhi)：做好(hao)蠐(qi)螬、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)稈黑潛蠅、蚜蟲(chong)、食心蟲(chong)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)莢(jia)螟、造橋蟲(chong)等(deng)蟲(chong)害(hai)及(ji)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)根腐病(bing)(bing)、胞囊線(xian)蟲(chong)病(bing)(bing)等(deng)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)的防治(zhi)工作(zuo)。3.化學調(diao)控：高肥(fei)地塊(kuai)可(ke)(ke)在初花(hua)期(qi)噴(pen)施(shi)多效唑等(deng)植物生(sheng)長調(diao)節劑，防止(zhi)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)倒伏(fu)。低肥(fei)力地塊(kuai)可(ke)(ke)在盛花(hua)、鼓粒期(qi)葉(xie)面噴(pen)施(shi)少量尿素、磷酸二(er)氫(qing)鉀和硼、鋅微(wei)肥(fei)等(deng)，防止(zhi)后期(qi)脫肥(fei)早衰。4.及(ji)時(shi)排灌：大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)花(hua)莢(jia)期(qi)和鼓粒期(qi)遇嚴重干旱及(ji)時(shi)澆水，雨(yu)季遇澇要及(ji)時(shi)排水。5.適時(shi)收(shou)獲(huo)：當葉(xie)片發黃脫落、莢(jia)皮干燥(zao)、搖動植株有響(xiang)聲時(shi)收(shou)獲(huo)。

麥茬夏大豆種植技術之注意事項：1.滅茬直播(bo)及(ji)免耕(geng)覆秸播(bo)種田雜(za)草較多，且易滋生根腐病(bing)、蠐螬等地下病(bing)蟲害，應及(ji)時防(fang)控。2.撒(sa)播(bo)淺(qian)旋技術對(dui)田間麥茬高(gao)(gao)度(du)要(yao)求較高(gao)(gao)，應嚴格控制在20厘米以(yi)內。