8月29日,濱州(zhou)市沾(zhan)化(hua)區(qu)(qu)下洼鎮(zhen)(zhen)永豐、孟家(jia)、臺郭(guo)等村(cun)以及黃升(sheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、泊(bo)頭(tou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、富源街道少部(bu)分區(qu)(qu)域冬棗(zao)遭受雹災(zai)(zai),造成(cheng)部(bu)分冬棗(zao)落果和(he)砸(za)傷(shang)。這場突如其來的雹災(zai)(zai)使部(bu)分棗(zao)農損失慘重,據統計,沾(zhan)化(hua)區(qu)(qu)冬棗(zao)受災(zai)(zai)面積3.2萬畝,冬棗(zao)平(ping)均減(jian)產(chan)30%左右(you),其中,重災(zai)(zai)面積1.5萬畝,平(ping)均減(jian)產(chan)60%,全區(qu)(qu)直接經濟損失高(gao)達1.27億元。災(zai)(zai)情(qing)發生后,區(qu)(qu)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)黨(dang)委、政府高(gao)度重視(shi),迅速(su)組織區(qu)(qu)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)、村(cun)干(gan)部(bu)與沾(zhan)化(hua)冬棗(zao)專業(ye)技術(shu)人(ren)員進入受災(zai)(zai)棗(zao)園組織群眾開(kai)展了抗(kang)災(zai)(zai)自救。

傳統農業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)不同于工業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),所(suo)面臨的(de)(de)(de)自然風(feng)險非常大,特別是對(dui)于氣(qi)象災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai),目前還沒有很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)防控措施,所(suo)以(yi)運用市(shi)場化的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險管理(li)手段(duan),為(wei)農業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)各環節的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險提高保(bao)障選擇,成為(wei)保(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)者(zhe)利益,確保(bao)現代農業可持續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)必然選擇。而農業保(bao)險這一市(shi)場經濟條件(jian)下風(feng)險管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)基本手段(duan),對(dui)提高災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)抵御能力,減(jian)輕災(zai)(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)損失,保(bao)障災(zai)(zai)(zai)后再生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)揮著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)作用。

近年來(lai),濱州市(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)也屢屢遭受(shou)重(zhong)(zhong)特大(da)(da)災(zai)(zai)害(hai),2011年8月(yue),濱州普(pu)降大(da)(da)到(dao)暴雨、2012年遭受(shou)臺(tai)風‘達維’襲擊、2013年7月(yue)和(he)今年8月(yue),出現連續強降雨等惡劣天氣,對部分縣區的農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)活動造成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)影響,農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物大(da)(da)面積減產(chan),甚至絕收(shou)。正是由于自2008年開(kai)展了(le)(le)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險業(ye)務,才(cai)使得廣(guang)大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)戶在(zai)遭遇(yu)到(dao)如此重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)自然(ran)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)的時候可以得到(dao)不同(tong)程度的補償(chang)。根據濱州市(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險行業(ye)協(xie)會的統計,截至2014年,參與(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險的公(gong)司共(gong)支付賠款達2.49億元。政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險是指以保(bao)(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司市(shi)場化(hua)經(jing)營為(wei)依托,政(zheng)(zheng)府通過(guo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費補貼等政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)扶持,對種植業(ye)、養殖業(ye)因遭受(shou)自然(ran)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)和(he)意外事故造成(cheng)(cheng)的經(jing)濟(ji)損失提供(gong)的直接物化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)本保(bao)(bao)(bao)險。按照“政(zheng)(zheng)府引(yin)導(dao)、市(shi)場運作(zuo)、自主自愿、協(xie)同(tong)推進”的原則和(he)“低費率、低保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)、廣(guang)覆蓋”的工作(zuo)思路,建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)風險分散機制,逐步(bu)為(wei)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)提供(gong)自然(ran)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)風險保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。

目前,濱州已(yi)開(kai)展的種植業(ye)政(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)農(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)有小麥(mai)、玉米以及棉花保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。2013年(nian)(nian)人保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在沾化區下洼(wa)鎮(zhen)試點(dian)開(kai)展過冬棗(zao)(zao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),共承保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)800余(yu)畝,收(shou)取(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)費6.5萬元。當年(nian)(nian)出(chu)現連(lian)續強(qiang)降雨等惡劣天(tian)氣,下洼(wa)鎮(zhen)冬棗(zao)(zao)種植園區受災嚴(yan)重,畝產(chan)量(liang)降為(wei)300斤/畝,僅為(wei)未(wei)受災時(shi)畝產(chan)量(liang)的1/10,本次災害人保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)財險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)沾化支公(gong)司共賠(pei)付棗(zao)(zao)農(nong)69萬余(yu)元,賠(pei)付率高達1061.54%。由于(yu)冬棗(zao)(zao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)屬于(yu)政(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)農(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)范(fan)圍,棗(zao)(zao)農(nong)對(dui)冬棗(zao)(zao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)并不(bu)十(shi)分了解和認(ren)可(ke),投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)積極性(xing)也不(bu)高,導致投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率非(fei)常低(投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率僅為(wei)0.16%),賠(pei)付率高,綜合(he)各方面(mian)原(yuan)因,冬棗(zao)(zao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)務(wu)沒(mei)能繼續開(kai)展下去(qu)。

2015年4月(yue)15日,山(shan)(shan)東省人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)印發了(le)《關于貫(guan)徹國發〔2014〕29號(hao)文件(jian)加快發展現(xian)代(dai)(dai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)服(fu)務業的(de)(de)意(yi)見》(魯政(zheng)(zheng)發〔2015〕9號(hao)),體(ti)現(xian)了(le)省委、省政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)對發展現(xian)代(dai)(dai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)服(fu)務業發展的(de)(de)高度(du)重(zhong)視。9號(hao)文件(jian)中有3條專(zhuan)門對農業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)從制度(du)安排、險(xian)種領域、產品(pin)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)到支持政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)、服(fu)務體(ti)系等(deng)提出了(le)要求。今年4月(yue),山(shan)(shan)東保(bao)(bao)(bao)監局在前期廣泛調(diao)研討論基(ji)礎上提出了(le)“山(shan)(shan)東保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)星火計劃”,其中要求結(jie)合(he)(he)各(ge)市(shi)實際(ji)情況,研發符合(he)(he)各(ge)地市(shi)特色產業的(de)(de)特色保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian),努力實現(xian)“一市(shi)一特色”,通過積極創新(xin)(xin)(xin),勇(yong)于嘗試,探索新(xin)(xin)(xin)途徑,構建新(xin)(xin)(xin)機(ji)制。

沾化冬棗作(zuo)為濱州特(te)色農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是沾化區農(nong)(nong)民主要的(de)增收(shou)創(chuang)收(shou)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)容易受到氣象災害影響(xiang)這(zhe)一(yi)特(te)性也必然會(hui)使冬棗產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)面臨同樣(yang)的(de)難題(ti)。一(yi)旦受到暴雨、雹災等自然災害的(de)侵襲,將嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)沾化冬棗的(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang),給當地農(nong)(nong)民收(shou)入帶來一(yi)定的(de)損(sun)失。但目前(qian)冬棗保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面不屬于政策性農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務；另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面棗農(nong)(nong)的(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)意(yi)識(shi)不強,存在僥幸心理,因此投保(bao)率偏(pian)低。投保(bao)率較低必然會(hui)導致賠付率較高,使得保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司對此類保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)開展的(de)積極性不高。盡管如此,市(shi)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會(hui)多次與能夠(gou)開展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)幾家保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)機構進行(xing)協調溝通,要求(qiu)做好農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)創(chuang)新工作(zuo)。

為(wei)(wei)更好地抓住新(xin)(xin)“國(guo)十(shi)(shi)條”和(he)省(sheng)政府9號(hao)文(wen)件(jian)實施這(zhe)一(yi)難得(de)歷史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu),加快行業轉型升級,緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞“新(xin)(xin)國(guo)十(shi)(shi)條”和(he)“省(sheng)政府9號(hao)文(wen)件(jian)”提出的(de)(de)重(zhong)點發展(zhan)領(ling)域,按照監管(guan)部門“一(yi)市一(yi)特(te)色(se)(se)”、“一(yi)司(si)一(yi)特(te)色(se)(se)”的(de)(de)要(yao)求,以(yi)產品(pin)、服務、技術和(he)管(guan)理(li)創新(xin)(xin)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點,通過(guo)自(zi)主創新(xin)(xin)、典型引路、鼓勵扶持(chi)等措施,大(da)力(li)推進保(bao)險業與創新(xin)(xin)力(li)量(liang)的(de)(de)深度(du)融合,以(yi)新(xin)(xin)產品(pin)填補保(bao)險市場(chang)空(kong)白(bai),以(yi)新(xin)(xin)服務滿足大(da)眾需(xu)求。正是在這(zhe)一(yi)大(da)背(bei)景下,濱州各農(nong)(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險承(cheng)辦公司(si)也明確表示希望(wang)為(wei)(wei)濱州的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業保(bao)駕護航,把冬棗保(bao)險列入我市政策性農(nong)(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險范(fan)圍(wei),提高棗農(nong)(nong)(nong)對冬棗保(bao)險的(de)(de)認識(shi)程度(du)和(he)參(can)保(bao)率(lv),通過(guo)保(bao)險這(zhe)一(yi)風(feng)險管(guan)理(li)手段,降低自(zi)然災害給(gei)廣(guang)大(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶帶來的(de)(de)經(jing)濟損失。

冬棗的市場前景廣(guang)闊，規模化種(zhong)植(zhi)前景看好(hao)，帶動(dong)了經濟效益，有著良好(hao)的發(fa)展空間。為(wei)了保證(zheng)產業的發(fa)展，產業實(shi)現(xian)綠色轉型(xing)，帶動(dong)農民增收更有后勁(jing)。