一、種植條件 

1、氣候條件

生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菜(cai)(cai)喜歡(huan)冷涼的(de)(de)氣(qi)候，種子(zi)發(fa)芽的(de)(de)最(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)為4℃，時(shi)間較(jiao)長(chang)。發(fa)芽最(zui)適(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)為15～20℃，3～4天發(fa)芽，30℃以(yi)(yi)上發(fa)芽受(shou)阻。所以(yi)(yi)夏季播(bo)種時(shi)，須進(jin)行低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)處理，以(yi)(yi)促進(jin)種子(zi)內的(de)(de)酶活動(dong)及其它(ta)物(wu)質轉(zhuan)化(hua)。結球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菜(cai)(cai)莖葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)適(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為11～18℃，結球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)期(qi)的(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為17～18℃。幼苗(miao)可耐-5℃低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。21℃以(yi)(yi)上不(bu)易形成葉(xie)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)或因葉(xie)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)內部溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)過高，引(yin)起心(xin)葉(xie)壞死腐爛。氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)30℃以(yi)(yi)上時(shi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)不(bu)良(liang)。不(bu)結球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)適(shi)(shi)(shi)應范(fan)圍較(jiao)結球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菜(cai)(cai)廣。  對日照反(fan)應的(de)(de)敏(min)感(gan)性，早熟(shu)品(pin)種最(zui)敏(min)感(gan)，中熟(shu)品(pin)種次(ci)之，晚熟(shu)品(pin)種反(fan)應遲鈍。 

2、土壤條件

生(sheng)菜(cai)適宜(yi)微酸性土壤，在有機質(zhi)富(fu)饒的(de)土壤中種植(zhi)，保水(shui)、保肥(fei)力(li)強、產量高(gao)，如(ru)在干(gan)旱缺(que)水(shui)的(de)土壤中種植(zhi)，根系發育不全，生(sheng)長不充實，菜(cai)味略苦，品(pin)質(zhi)差。 

3、水分條件

生菜不同的生長期，對水(shui)分(fen)要(yao)求不同，幼(you)苗期不能(neng)(neng)干燥(zao)不能(neng)(neng)太(tai)濕，太(tai)干苗子易(yi)老化，太(tai)濕了(le)苗子易(yi)徒長。發棵(ke)期，要(yao)適(shi)當控制(zhi)水(shui)分(fen)，結球(qiu)期水(shui)分(fen)要(yao)充足，缺水(shui)葉小，味苦。結球(qiu)后期水(shui)分(fen)不要(yao)過多(duo)，以免發生裂(lie)球(qiu)，導致(zhi)病(bing)害。 

二、栽培技術 

1、選擇品種

生(sheng)菜選擇適宜的(de)品(pin)種，結(jie)合保護地栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)，可以做到周(zhou)年(nian)生(sheng)產，全年(nian)供應。早春(chun)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)多采(cai)用抗性較強的(de)不結(jie)球(qiu)品(pin)種，因為結(jie)球(qiu)品(pin)種在早春(chun)易抽薹，而且在夏季高溫(wen)季節不易結(jie)球(qiu)。 

2、播種、育苗

京津地(di)區(qu)生菜播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)：春(chun)茬在(zai)2～4月(yue)(yue)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，5～6月(yue)(yue)收獲；秋茬在(zai)7月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬至(zhi)8月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，10～11月(yue)(yue)收獲，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)保護設(she)施可(ke)達到周年(nian)生產，周年(nian)供應。早(zao)播(bo)(bo)的(de)應采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗性強(qiang)的(de)不(bu)結球品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，否則結球品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)易(yi)在(zai)早(zao)春(chun)先期(qi)抽薹和在(zai)夏季(ji)高溫(wen)季(ji)節(jie)不(bu)易(yi)結球。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后在(zai)適溫(wen)15～20℃條件(jian)下(xia)3～4天即可(ke)發芽。因生菜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子價(jia)錢較貴(gui)，生產上(shang)一般(ban)多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)栽(zai)的(de)方(fang)法。一般(ban)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為每畝(mu)(mu)0.75～1.5千(qian)克，適當稀播(bo)(bo)，培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。一畝(mu)(mu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)，可(ke)栽(zai)植10畝(mu)(mu)地(di)。秋季(ji)生菜播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，一般(ban)均要進(jin)行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處(chu)理。首先將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子浸泡(pao)12個(ge)小時，然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)(yong)清水沖洗干凈(jing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)濕紗布包好，置5～6℃的(de)低溫(wen)環(huan)境中處(chu)理兩天，待大部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子開始(shi)露白(bai)時再取出播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后覆土不(bu)宜太厚，一般(ban)在(zai)0.5～1厘米(mi)左右。夏、秋季(ji)節(jie)，高溫(wen)多雨，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后要用(yong)(yong)(yong)遮陽(yang)網覆蓋遮陰。 

3、定植及管理

生菜(cai)的根系不(bu)深(shen)，應選擇保水、保肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力強和肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)的土壤栽(zai)培。一(yi)(yi)般栽(zai)植密度(du)：早熟品(pin)種行株距(ju)為23厘(li)米×20厘(li)米，中、晚(wan)熟品(pin)種為33厘(li)米×24厘(li)米。生菜(cai)一(yi)(yi)般追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)3～4次。定(ding)植緩苗(miao)后追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次緩苗(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)濃度(du)要(yao)稀一(yi)(yi)點(dian)。越冬的春生菜(cai)在(zai)定(ding)植后追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)次，冬季一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。春季需(xu)連續追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2～3次。 

4、病蟲害防治

生菜的(de)(de)主要(yao)病害(hai)有(you)霜(shuang)霉病、軟腐病、病毒病及(ji)菌核病等(deng)。其中以(yi)菌核病及(ji)軟腐病的(de)(de)危害(hai)較大(da)，在溫(wen)暖(nuan)潮濕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)條件下易發病。采取輪作，適當減少栽植密(mi)度，澆水不要(yao)過(guo)多，經(jing)常(chang)淺鋤劃，保持土(tu)壤表面(mian)干燥(zao)。經(jing)常(chang)清(qing)(qing)潔田間，發現病株，及(ji)時(shi)拔(ba)除。清(qing)(qing)除枯葉集中燒毀(hui)。發病后可噴(pen)施農用鏈霉素和代森銨。在高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)濕(shi)(shi)季(ji)節每5～7天噴(pen)一次百菌清(qing)(qing)，起到預防的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。蟲(chong)害(hai)主要(yao)有(you)蚜蟲(chong)、薊馬(ma)、地老虎等(deng)，用氧(yang)化(hua)樂(le)果、速滅(mie)殺丁等(deng)防治。 

5、采收

生(sheng)菜葉球成熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)要及(ji)時采(cai)收，采(cai)收稍遲就(jiu)會(hui)影響品質。散葉生(sheng)菜定植后(hou)40天左(zuo)右就(jiu)可采(cai)收，單(dan)株(zhu)重(zhong)0.2～0.4千(qian)克(ke)；結球生(sheng)菜定植后(hou)50天即可采(cai)收。單(dan)株(zhu)重(zhong)0.4～0.5千(qian)克(ke)。畝產(chan)量：早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)品種1000～1500千(qian)克(ke)，中、晚熟(shu)(shu)品種畝產(chan)2500千(qian)克(ke)左(zuo)右。