盡管經歷了一(yi)些波折，但總體(ti)上(shang)看，新中國成(cheng)立以來，我國農(nong)(nong)村經濟(ji)發(fa)展取得了輝煌的成(cheng)就，全(quan)國糧(liang)食(shi)產(chan)量和農(nong)(nong)業(ye)綜合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力穩步提高，農(nong)(nong)村產(chan)業(ye)融合(he)深入(ru)推進，農(nong)(nong)民收入(ru)和消費水平顯著提升，農(nong)(nong)村經濟(ji)面貌(mao)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了翻天(tian)覆(fu)地的變(bian)化，農(nong)(nong)村貧困人(ren)口大幅(fu)減少，為促(cu)進世界農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展尤其是保障世界糧(liang)食(shi)安全(quan)和全(quan)球減貧事業(ye)作出了巨(ju)大貢獻。

發展歷程

1978年(nian)的(de)改(gai)(gai)革開放是(shi)中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)重要分(fen)(fen)水嶺。對于改(gai)(gai)革開放以來中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)階(jie)段(duan)劃分(fen)(fen)，至(zhi)今(jin)學術界并沒(mei)有形成一(yi)致的(de)看法。事實上，2002年(nian)黨的(de)十六(liu)大(da)提(ti)出了“統(tong)籌城鄉發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)”的(de)要求，將農(nong)(nong)村(cun)改(gai)(gai)革發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重點從(cong)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)內部逐步(bu)轉移到(dao)城鄉之間(jian)，就是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)重要的(de)分(fen)(fen)界點。根據這兩個(ge)分(fen)(fen)界點，大(da)體可以將新中國(guo)成立(li)以來我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)歷程分(fen)(fen)為集體化發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)（1949—1978年(nian)）、市場化發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)（1979—2002年(nian)）和(he)城鄉融合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)（2003年(nian)至(zhi)今(jin)）三個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)。

集(ji)體化(hua)發(fa)展階(jie)段(duan)。新中國(guo)成立之(zhi)初，中國(guo)農村(cun)人(ren)口(kou)與土(tu)地占有(you)狀況嚴重(zhong)不平(ping)等(deng)。為改(gai)變(bian)這種不合理(li)狀況，中央人(ren)民政府于1950年(nian)6月30日(ri)公布實施《中華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)土(tu)地改(gai)革法》，隨后開(kai)始在華東、中南(nan)、西南(nan)、西北(bei)等(deng)廣大新解放區開(kai)展大規模的土(tu)地改(gai)革運動。到1952年(nian)底，除(chu)新疆、西藏等(deng)少(shao)數民族地區和(he)臺灣外，基(ji)本完成了(le)(le)土(tu)地改(gai)革任(ren)務，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)有(you)3億(yi)多無(wu)地和(he)少(shao)地的農民無(wu)償(chang)分得(de)了(le)(le)約7億(yi)畝土(tu)地和(he)其(qi)他生(sheng)產資(zi)料(liao)。土(tu)地改(gai)革極大地調動了(le)(le)農民的積(ji)極性，農業(ye)生(sheng)產得(de)到迅速(su)發(fa)展。從1949年(nian)到1952年(nian)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)糧食產量(liang)增長(chang)了(le)(le)44.8%，油(you)料(liao)增長(chang)了(le)(le)63.5%，棉花、糖料(liao)、水果(guo)和(he)茶(cha)葉產量(liang)均(jun)增長(chang)了(le)(le)1倍以上，水產品產量(liang)則(ze)增長(chang)了(le)(le)2.72倍。

土地(di)改革任務基本完成(cheng)后，1953年中央正式提出了(le)過(guo)渡時(shi)期的(de)總路線，要(yao)求(qiu)在一(yi)個(ge)相(xiang)當長的(de)時(shi)期內，逐(zhu)步實(shi)現國家的(de)社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化，以及國家對農業(ye)(ye)、手工(gong)業(ye)(ye)和(he)資本主(zhu)義(yi)工(gong)商業(ye)(ye)的(de)社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)改造。為確保(bao)實(shi)現社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化，國家實(shi)施了(le)對農業(ye)(ye)農村(cun)發展產(chan)生深遠影響的(de)三項重要(yao)制(zhi)度(du)，包括推進農業(ye)(ye)的(de)合(he)作化和(he)集體化、對農產(chan)品實(shi)行(xing)統(tong)購(gou)統(tong)銷制(zhi)度(du)以及實(shi)行(xing)城鄉二(er)元(yuan)的(de)戶籍管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)。在這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)期，農村(cun)經濟發展較為緩慢。

市(shi)場化發展(zhan)階段。1978年以(yi)來，中國進入(ru)了(le)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)開放(fang)(fang)和社會(hui)主義現代化建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)歷史新時(shi)期。中國的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)是從農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)開始的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)1979—2002年間，中國農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)主要(yao)集(ji)中在(zai)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)內部，以(yi)放(fang)(fang)活還權為(wei)重(zhong)心，在(zai)建(jian)立完(wan)善(shan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)營制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，推進各領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場化改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。這一時(shi)期，以(yi)家庭聯產(chan)承包經(jing)(jing)營為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)、統(tong)分結(jie)合雙層(ceng)經(jing)(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)(jing)營制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)確立，鄉(xiang)鎮企業的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)軍突起，價格(ge)和流通(tong)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)以(yi)及鄉(xiang)政村(cun)(cun)(cun)治體制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施，均(jun)為(wei)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)提供了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)支撐和制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)保障(zhang)。

這種市(shi)場化改(gai)(gai)革極(ji)大(da)調動了(le)農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的生產(chan)積極(ji)性，激發了(le)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發展活(huo)力，有(you)力促進(jin)了(le)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發展。1979—2002年(nian)(nian)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可支配(pei)收入年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)7.3%，比城鎮(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)增(zeng)速高0.6個(ge)百分(fen)點。特別(bie)是，家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)聯(lian)產(chan)承包(bao)責任(ren)制的實施(shi)，極(ji)大(da)地促進(jin)了(le)農(nong)(nong)業增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)和農(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增(zeng)收。1979—1985年(nian)(nian)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可支配(pei)收入年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)15.2%，比城鎮(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)增(zeng)速高8.2個(ge)百分(fen)點。然而(er)，自1985年(nian)(nian)經(jing)濟體制改(gai)(gai)革的重心轉向城市(shi)后，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)收入增(zeng)速明顯低于城鎮(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)。1986—2002年(nian)(nian)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)人(ren)均(jun)(jun)可支配(pei)收入年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)增(zeng)長(chang)(chang)4.2%，比城鎮(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)增(zeng)速低2.3個(ge)百分(fen)點。

城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)階段。2003年以來，隨著改(gai)革開放和(he)城(cheng)鎮化(hua)的(de)不斷推(tui)進，中國農(nong)(nong)(nong)村發展(zhan)(zhan)進入了(le)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合(he)的(de)新階段。黨的(de)十(shi)六屆(jie)三中全(quan)會(hui)提出(chu)“五個(ge)統籌”，并把統籌城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)放在(zai)首位；十(shi)七屆(jie)三中全(quan)會(hui)提出(chu)“把加(jia)快形成城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)經(jing)濟(ji)社會(hui)發展(zhan)(zhan)一體化(hua)新格局作為根本要求”。十(shi)八(ba)大報告(gao)提出(chu)“推(tui)動城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發展(zhan)(zhan)一體化(hua)”，十(shi)九大報告(gao)再(zai)次強調(diao)要“建(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)體制機制和(he)政策(ce)體系(xi)”。這(zhe)期間(jian)，國家開展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)社會(hui)主義(yi)新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村建(jian)設(she)，實施了(le)脫貧攻堅戰和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)村振(zhen)興戰略(lve)，出(chu)臺了(le)一系(xi)列強農(nong)(nong)(nong)惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)富農(nong)(nong)(nong)政策(ce)，包(bao)括取消農(nong)(nong)(nong)業稅和(he)完善農(nong)(nong)(nong)業支持保(bao)護體系(xi)。其著眼(yan)點也從單(dan)純的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村內部擴展(zhan)(zhan)到城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)關系(xi)層面，核心是全(quan)面深化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村改(gai)革，調(diao)整國民(min)收(shou)入分配結構，促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)持續增(zeng)收(shou)與反貧困，推(tui)動城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)融(rong)合(he)和(he)協調(diao)發展(zhan)(zhan)。

這(zhe)期間(jian)，在(zai)城(cheng)鄉融(rong)合發展(zhan)的(de)大背(bei)景下，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)各(ge)項(xiang)改(gai)革全(quan)面(mian)深(shen)化，有力地(di)推動了農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟發展(zhan)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)收(shou)入(ru)持(chi)續(xu)快(kuai)速(su)(su)增長，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)減(jian)貧(pin)取(qu)得了巨大成效。2003—2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家庭(ting)(ting)(ting)人均可支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)入(ru)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均增長8.2%，比(bi)城(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家庭(ting)(ting)(ting)增速(su)(su)高(gao)(gao)0.3個百(bai)分點，比(bi)1979—2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家庭(ting)(ting)(ting)增速(su)(su)高(gao)(gao)0.9個百(bai)分點。特別(bie)是，自(zi)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)以來，中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家庭(ting)(ting)(ting)人均可支(zhi)配(pei)收(shou)入(ru)增速(su)(su)持(chi)續(xu)超過城(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家庭(ting)(ting)(ting)，2010—2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均增速(su)(su)達到8.6%，比(bi)城(cheng)鎮居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家庭(ting)(ting)(ting)增速(su)(su)高(gao)(gao)1.8個百(bai)分點。這(zhe)表明(ming)，中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟已進(jin)入(ru)持(chi)續(xu)快(kuai)速(su)(su)發展(zhan)的(de)軌(gui)道，改(gai)革創(chuang)新已經成為推動農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟發展(zhan)的(de)重要(yao)源動力。

成就與經驗

新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成立(li)以來，中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發展取(qu)得了(le)輝煌成就。特(te)別是，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)經(jing)濟呈現(xian)持續增(zeng)長(chang)態(tai)勢，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)不斷(duan)優化(hua)(hua)，一二(er)三產(chan)業(ye)融合(he)(he)步伐加(jia)快。按(an)可比價(jia)格計(ji)算，1953—2019年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林牧漁業(ye)總產(chan)值年(nian)均增(zeng)長(chang)率(lv)為(wei)4.5%，其中(zhong)，1979—2019年(nian)為(wei)5.5%。對具有(you)典型弱質(zhi)性(xing)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)而(er)言，這(zhe)是一個較高的(de)增(zeng)長(chang)速(su)度。同時，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技和裝備水(shui)平(ping)顯著(zhu)提高，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)方(fang)式發生了(le)深刻變革(ge)。1949年(nian)，中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技進步貢(gong)獻率(lv)不足20.0%，改革(ge)開放(fang)初(chu)期也只有(you)27.0%，到(dao)(dao)2019年(nian)迅(xun)速(su)提升到(dao)(dao)59.2%，主要(yao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物良種(zhong)基(ji)本實現(xian)全(quan)覆蓋。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)方(fang)式則實現(xian)了(le)從主要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)(kao)人力、畜力到(dao)(dao)主要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)(kao)機(ji)械(xie)動力的(de)歷史性(xing)轉變，2019年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物耕種(zhong)收(shou)綜合(he)(he)機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)已(yi)超過70.0%，而(er)1978年(nian)全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綜合(he)(he)機(ji)械(xie)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)僅有(you)19.7%。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)產(chan)業(ye)融合(he)(he)近(jin)年(nian)來也在不斷(duan)加(jia)快。

隨著農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟的快速發展(zhan)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)收入(ru)和生活水平(ping)顯著提高，實現了從貧(pin)(pin)困到(dao)溫飽再到(dao)小(xiao)康(kang)進而全(quan)面小(xiao)康(kang)的歷史性跨越。新中(zhong)國成立之初，中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)收入(ru)水平(ping)極低，處于極端貧(pin)(pin)困狀(zhuang)態。1949年(nian)，全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)人(ren)均(jun)純收入(ru)只(zhi)有43.8元(yuan)，1952年(nian)也(ye)只(zhi)有57.0元(yuan)。從1978年(nian)到(dao)2019年(nian)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)人(ren)均(jun)可支(zhi)配收入(ru)從133.6元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)加到(dao)16020.7元(yuan)，名(ming)義增(zeng)(zeng)長了118.9倍，年(nian)均(jun)實際增(zeng)(zeng)長7.67%，比城鎮(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)增(zeng)(zeng)速高0.5個百分點(dian)。這期間，全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)村(cun)貧(pin)(pin)困人(ren)口減(jian)(jian)少了7.65億人(ren)，貧(pin)(pin)困發生率(lv)從97.5%下降(jiang)到(dao)0.6%，中(zhong)國減(jian)(jian)貧(pin)(pin)對世(shi)界的貢(gong)獻率(lv)達到(dao)三分之二。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)的消費水平(ping)也(ye)快速增(zeng)(zeng)長，1979—2019年(nian)年(nian)均(jun)實際增(zeng)(zeng)速達到(dao)7.3%，比城鎮(zhen)居(ju)(ju)民(min)增(zeng)(zeng)速高1.0個百分點(dian)。到(dao)2019年(nian)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居(ju)(ju)民(min)恩格(ge)爾(er)系(xi)數已下降(jiang)到(dao)30.0%。

回顧新中(zhong)國(guo)成立以來我(wo)國(guo)農(nong)村經(jing)濟發展的(de)歷程，主要有以下幾方面的(de)基本經(jing)驗。

一是(shi)始終繃緊(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)這根(gen)弦(xian)不放松。新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成立以(yi)來，無論是(shi)在糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緊(jin)缺還(huan)是(shi)相(xiang)對(dui)寬松的(de)環境下，中(zhong)(zhong)央都始終高度(du)重視糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)問題，把確保(bao)(bao)國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)放在經(jing)濟社(she)會發展的(de)首位，實行(xing)了(le)最(zui)(zui)嚴格的(de)耕地保(bao)(bao)護制度(du)，制定實施了(le)一系列糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宏(hong)觀調(diao)控與支持(chi)政(zheng)策，全(quan)面加(jia)強糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產、流通、儲(chu)備(bei)能(neng)力建設，切實提高國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水平。由于糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)短(duan)缺，新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)戰(zhan)略(lve)最(zui)(zui)初主要是(shi)確保(bao)(bao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)增產，后來逐步向能(neng)力安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)、質量安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)、生(sheng)態安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)等(deng)多(duo)維目(mu)(mu)標(biao)轉變。1996年10月，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)首次明確提出了(le)“立足(zu)國(guo)內資(zi)源，實現糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)本自給”的(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)戰(zhan)略(lve)，并要求(qiu)正常情況(kuang)下糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自給率不低于95%。2013年12月，中(zhong)(zhong)央經(jing)濟工(gong)作會議(yi)又根(gen)據(ju)新情況(kuang)提出了(le)“以(yi)我為主、立足(zu)國(guo)內、確保(bao)(bao)產能(neng)、適度(du)進口、科(ke)技支撐”的(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)新戰(zhan)略(lve)，確立了(le)“谷物基(ji)本自給、口糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)絕對(dui)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)”的(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)新目(mu)(mu)標(biao)。70多(duo)年的(de)經(jing)驗表明，確保(bao)(bao)國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)是(shi)維護社(she)會穩定、保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)民經(jing)濟運行(xing)的(de)重要前提，任何時候都不能(neng)放松保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)這根(gen)弦(xian)。

二(er)是充(chong)分(fen)調動(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)和主動(dong)(dong)性(xing)。從新(xin)中國(guo)成立以來的(de)(de)發展(zhan)歷程看，一些影響(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)重大事件，如家(jia)庭聯(lian)產承包(bao)責(ze)任(ren)制、鄉鎮企(qi)業(ye)和村民(min)(min)自治等，都是中國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)偉大創舉。農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)始終(zhong)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)村改革和發展(zhan)的(de)(de)主體(ti)，要堅(jian)持(chi)以人民(min)(min)為中心的(de)(de)理念，切實保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)利益(yi)，尊重農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)主權利，發揮農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)主體(ti)作用和首創精神，使農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)充(chong)分(fen)分(fen)享改革和發展(zhan)的(de)(de)成果，走共同富裕(yu)之(zhi)路。實踐經驗證明，只有充(chong)分(fen)調動(dong)(dong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)、主動(dong)(dong)性(xing)和創造性(xing)，才能激(ji)發農(nong)(nong)(nong)村經濟(ji)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)內(nei)生(sheng)活(huo)力(li)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)村改革和發展(zhan)才能取得成功。

三是(shi)堅持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展總(zong)方(fang)針。新中國成立以來，中央(yang)始終把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業作為國民(min)經(jing)濟的(de)基礎(chu)。2003年明確提(ti)出把解決好“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”問題作為全黨工作的(de)重(zhong)中之重(zhong)，2017年進(jin)一步(bu)提(ti)出“堅持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展”。從(cong)“基礎(chu)”到(dao)“重(zhong)中之重(zhong)”再到(dao)“優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展”，體(ti)現了國家“三農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”政策(ce)的(de)一脈相承(cheng)和(he)不斷深化。在新形勢下，要構(gou)建新型的(de)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)，加快(kuai)推進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現代化，促進(jin)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)共(gong)同繁榮，就(jiu)必須把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展放(fang)在優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)的(de)位(wei)置。優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，就(jiu)是(shi)政府在公共(gong)資源配置和(he)政策(ce)支持上給(gei)予優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)考(kao)慮(lv)。堅持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，是(shi)補齊(qi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)短板的(de)需要。為此，要加強頂層設計(ji)，完(wan)善(shan)體(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)和(he)政策(ce)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，并在要素配置、公共(gong)服務、干部隊伍(wu)、支撐條件(jian)、支持政策(ce)等方(fang)面，切(qie)實把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)放(fang)在優(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)的(de)位(wei)置，真正做到(dao)向農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)傾斜。

四是以市(shi)(shi)(shi)場為取(qu)向全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)深化農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)。改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)創新是農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發展的(de)第一推動(dong)力。40多年(nian)的(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)實踐經(jing)驗表明，農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)必須在社會主義市(shi)(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟框架下，正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)處理好政府(fu)與市(shi)(shi)(shi)場、農(nong)民(min)與土地的(de)關(guan)系，鞏固和完(wan)善農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)基本經(jing)營制度，保持農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)土地承包關(guan)系穩定(ding)并長(chang)久不(bu)變，同時要全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)深化農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)土地、集體產權(quan)、集體林權(quan)、供銷社、農(nong)墾、信用社等各(ge)項(xiang)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)。通(tong)過市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)激活農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)發展要素(su)、主體和市(shi)(shi)(shi)場，促進城(cheng)鄉(xiang)要素(su)雙向流動(dong)和資源優化配置(zhi)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)力激發農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)經(jing)濟發展的(de)內生活力和動(dong)力。在推進農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)過程(cheng)中，必須采取(qu)自下而(er)上與自上而(er)下相結合的(de)方法，通(tong)過試(shi)點試(shi)驗將基層(ceng)創新與頂層(ceng)設計有效銜接起來。只有這樣，才能(neng)充分(fen)調動(dong)基層(ceng)的(de)積極性，同時把握改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)方向。

五是(shi)強(qiang)化科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)和(he)人(ren)才的(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)作用。70多年的(de)經驗表明，農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)根(gen)本出(chu)路(lu)在于(yu)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，而(er)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村現代(dai)化則(ze)需要(yao)強(qiang)有(you)力(li)的(de)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)和(he)人(ren)才支(zhi)撐(cheng)。黨(dang)中央(yang)歷(li)來高(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)視農(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)，不斷(duan)加大科(ke)(ke)研(yan)經費投(tou)入，逐(zhu)步建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)和(he)技(ji)(ji)術推廣(guang)服務體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。正是(shi)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)特別(bie)是(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)機械、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)應用以及新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種的(de)培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)和(he)推廣(guang)，如(ru)雜(za)(za)交水稻與雜(za)(za)交玉(yu)米品(pin)種等的(de)大面積推廣(guang)，對糧(liang)食增產和(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展起到了(le)(le)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用。同時，國(guo)家高(gao)度重(zhong)(zhong)視“三農(nong)(nong)”人(ren)才尤其是(shi)實用鄉土(tu)人(ren)才的(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)，逐(zhu)步形成了(le)(le)全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)、新(xin)(xin)型職(zhi)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)民培(pei)(pei)訓體(ti)系(xi)(xi)和(he)農(nong)(nong)村人(ren)才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)一支(zhi)規(gui)模龐大的(de)“三農(nong)(nong)”人(ren)才隊(dui)伍，為農(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)村發(fa)展提供了(le)(le)堅實的(de)人(ren)才支(zhi)撐(cheng)。

中長期展望

當前，全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)小康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)會和(he)打贏脫貧攻(gong)堅戰的任務目(mu)(mu)標即將實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。在全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)小康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)會、實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)第一個百(bai)(bai)年(nian)奮斗目(mu)(mu)標之(zhi)后，中國(guo)將進(jin)入開啟全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)設社(she)(she)會主(zhu)義現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)國(guo)家新(xin)(xin)(xin)征(zheng)程(cheng)(cheng)、向(xiang)第二(er)個百(bai)(bai)年(nian)奮斗目(mu)(mu)標進(jin)軍的新(xin)(xin)(xin)發展階段。中國(guo)的現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)離(li)不開農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，在全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)設社(she)(she)會主(zhu)義現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)國(guo)家新(xin)(xin)(xin)征(zheng)程(cheng)(cheng)中，迫切需要(yao)加快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)，加快(kuai)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)由農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大國(guo)向(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)轉變(bian)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)是鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興戰略的總目(mu)(mu)標，建(jian)(jian)設現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強國(guo)則是全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)設社(she)(she)會主(zhu)義現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)強國(guo)必不可少(shao)的重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。按(an)照國(guo)家鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興戰略規劃，到2035年(nian)要(yao)基本(ben)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，到2050年(nian)鄉(xiang)村(cun)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)振(zhen)興，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)強、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)美、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民富全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。這就(jiu)為未(wei)來農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟發展和(he)鄉(xiang)村(cun)振(zhen)興指明了方向(xiang)。

農業(ye)(ye)(ye)農村現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)具有(you)豐富的(de)(de)內涵，是包括農業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)在內的(de)(de)農村產業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)、生(sheng)態現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)、文化(hua)(hua)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)、鄉村治(zhi)理(li)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)和農民(min)生(sheng)活現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)“五(wu)位一體”的(de)(de)有(you)機整體。據我們研究，按2035年(nian)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)測(ce)算(suan)，2018年(nian)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)農村現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為(wei)66.1%，按2050年(nian)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)測(ce)算(suan)，其實(shi)(shi)現(xian)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)為(wei)54.2%，均處于中(zhong)期階段。如(ru)果(guo)按照(zhao)2010—2018年(nian)平均增(zeng)速(su)推(tui)(tui)進，從總體上看(kan)，2035年(nian)中(zhong)國可以(yi)達到基本實(shi)(shi)現(xian)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)農村現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)，2050年(nian)可以(yi)達到全面(mian)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)農業(ye)(ye)(ye)農村現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)值(zhi)。然而(er)，分領域看(kan)，目(mu)(mu)(mu)前各方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)進程(cheng)(cheng)差別較大，農村產業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)快，而(er)農村文化(hua)(hua)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)慢，鄉村治(zhi)理(li)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)也(ye)較為(wei)滯后。因(yin)此，加快推(tui)(tui)進農業(ye)(ye)(ye)農村現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)，必(bi)須集中(zhong)力量補齊短板，加強(qiang)薄弱環節(jie)。

剛剛勝利閉幕的(de)(de)十九屆五中(zhong)全(quan)會重(zhong)申堅持(chi)把解決好(hao)“三農(nong)(nong)”問題作為全(quan)黨工作重(zhong)中(zhong)之重(zhong)，并明確提出全(quan)面(mian)實(shi)施鄉村(cun)(cun)振興戰(zhan)略，這(zhe)為加(jia)快農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)提供了絕好(hao)的(de)(de)機遇。然而，也應(ying)該看(kan)到，當前(qian)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)經(jing)(jing)濟發展(zhan)仍面(mian)臨諸多方面(mian)的(de)(de)嚴峻挑戰(zhan)。一是(shi)(shi)糧食生(sheng)產成(cheng)本(ben)不斷(duan)攀升；二是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產以小(xiao)規模分散經(jing)(jing)營(ying)為主(zhu)體形態，還難(nan)以適應(ying)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代化(hua)(hua)和(he)綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)轉型的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)；三是(shi)(shi)近年來農(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)增(zeng)長越來越依賴工資性(xing)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)和(he)轉移凈收(shou)入(ru)(ru)，經(jing)(jing)營(ying)凈收(shou)入(ru)(ru)和(he)財產凈收(shou)入(ru)(ru)貢獻小(xiao)；四(si)是(shi)(shi)隨著城鎮化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)快速推進(jin)，大(da)量農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)勞(lao)動(dong)力尤其是(shi)(shi)學歷較高、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)素(su)質較好(hao)的(de)(de)中(zhong)青年勞(lao)動(dong)力不斷(duan)向城鎮轉移，加(jia)大(da)了村(cun)(cun)莊(zhuang)布(bu)局規劃(hua)調整(zheng)和(he)人才(cai)振興的(de)(de)難(nan)度(du)；五是(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)現有各種(zhong)資源有待激活。為此，需(xu)要(yao)全(quan)面(mian)深化(hua)(hua)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)改(gai)革，全(quan)力破解上(shang)述難(nan)題和(he)矛盾，積極(ji)應(ying)對各種(zhong)挑戰(zhan)，全(quan)面(mian)激發農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)內生(sheng)活力。

在(zai)加快推(tui)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)進(jin)(jin)程中(zhong)，還需要(yao)(yao)(yao)著力(li)(li)解決好(hao)以(yi)下三個關鍵問(wen)題。一(yi)是實現(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務均(jun)等化(hua)(hua)(hua)。到2035年，要(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)(xian)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務均(jun)等化(hua)(hua)(hua)目標(biao)，首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)(yao)盡快解決好(hao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)移人(ren)口市民(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)問(wen)題，實現(xian)(xian)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)常住(zhu)人(ren)口全覆蓋。在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)礎上，要(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)農(nong)(nong)村人(ren)口納入(ru)進(jin)(jin)來，實現(xian)(xian)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)常住(zhu)人(ren)口全覆蓋。這就(jiu)意味(wei)著，在(zai)2035年之前(qian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與市民(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)同步(bu)以(yi)及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)社(she)(she)會保障并軌、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)資源均(jun)衡配置和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務均(jun)等化(hua)(hua)(hua)。二(er)是促進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)民(min)持(chi)續增(zeng)收(shou)和(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)差(cha)距縮(suo)小(xiao)。如(ru)何依靠鄉(xiang)(xiang)村振興尤其是鄉(xiang)(xiang)村產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)振興，逐步(bu)建(jian)立一(yi)個主要(yao)(yao)(yao)依靠本(ben)地(di)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)支撐(cheng)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村導向型(xing)農(nong)(nong)民(min)持(chi)續增(zeng)收(shou)長(chang)效機制(zhi)，使農(nong)(nong)村居(ju)民(min)收(shou)入(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、生活水(shui)(shui)(shui)準(zhun)和(he)(he)生活品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)逐步(bu)接近城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)居(ju)民(min)，實現(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)居(ju)民(min)生活質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)等值(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，將(jiang)是一(yi)項(xiang)艱巨的(de)(de)長(chang)期任(ren)務。三是加快由農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大國向農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國轉(zhuan)變(bian)。判斷現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)標(biao)志，關鍵是看農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綜(zong)合能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)發展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)是否實現(xian)(xian)“四(si)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)一(yi)高”目標(biao)，即農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)供給保障能力(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、科技創新(xin)能力(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、可持(chi)續發展(zhan)能力(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)高。作為現(xian)(xian)代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)國，其主要(yao)(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)指標(biao)，如(ru)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)機械化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、智(zhi)慧化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、社(she)(she)會化(hua)(hua)(hua)服(fu)務水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加工水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)融合水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)等，應該達到世界先進(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。