西紅柿果實子粒外露主要原因

是由于(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)和果(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常充分(fen)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)所致。西紅(hong)柿(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)和果(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)否發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)常果(guo)，主(zhu)要(yao)取(qu)決于(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua)的質(zhi)量。西紅(hong)柿(shi)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)，尤其是第一、二穗(sui)果(guo)子外露，主(zhu)要(yao)是在育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)西紅(hong)柿(shi)移栽時，遇到高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)造成(cheng)的。通(tong)常西紅(hong)柿(shi)幼苗(miao)(miao)長(chang)到6片真葉(xie)期(qi)，已完成(cheng)了1、2、3、4花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絮的花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua)；當幼苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)這(zhe)些花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序分(fen)化(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)時，若(ruo)遇低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、水分(fen)不(bu)(bu)足、氮肥過多，即會導(dao)致花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)過度(du)分(fen)化(hua)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)多心(xin)皮(pi)畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，結出(chu)的果(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)期(qi)就會出(chu)現(xian)畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)。有(you)時在育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)或(huo)移栽期(qi)間因低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)或(huo)干旱持(chi)續(xu)時間較(jiao)長(chang)，晝(zhou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)而(er)晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差較(jiao)小、氮素供應不(bu)(bu)足，幼苗(miao)(miao)生(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)處在抑制條件下，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)器(qi)(qi)易木(mu)栓化(hua)。當此后轉入適(shi)宜條件時，先形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的木(mu)栓化(hua)組織(zhi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)適(shi)應內部新(xin)組織(zhi)的迅(xun)速(su)生(sheng)長(chang)，則(ze)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)裂果(guo)、疤果(guo)、子粒外露果(guo)等畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)。這(zhe)正(zheng)(zheng)是第一穗(sui)和第二穗(sui)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)子粒外露較(jiao)多的主(zhu)要(yao)原因，這(zhe)與前(qian)期(qi)西紅(hong)柿(shi)所處的生(sheng)長(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)有(you)直接關系。

西紅柿果實子粒外露防治辦法

①選(xuan)用不(bu)易產(chan)生(sheng)畸形(xing)果(guo)的品種。如紅(hong)玉、紅(hong)寶、西粉3號、佳紅(hong)、麗春等。

②合理使用(yong)植物生(sheng)長調節(jie)劑。當幼苗期出(chu)現徒長時，不能(neng)只依靠控(kong)水和降溫來(lai)控(kong)制苗子旺長；而(er)應在搞好(hao)溫度、光(guang)照(zhao)、水分(fen)調節(jie)的(de)基礎(chu)上，噴施(shi)“多用(yong)途(tu)”200倍液或按0.01%的(de)濃(nong)度噴施(shi)25%的(de)助壯素進行適(shi)當控(kong)旺。

③在給西紅(hong)柿澆水時沖(chong)施(shi)免深耕，按30毫升(sheng)加15千克(ke)水的比例，隨水沖(chong)施(shi)；也(ye)可結合追施(shi)有機(ji)肥(fei)，每50千克(ke)有機(ji)肥(fei)配30克(ke)安(an)格瑞（顆粒劑）增強土壤的透氣(qi)性，提高西紅(hong)柿吸肥(fei)吸水能力。

④發現(xian)子粒(li)外露果，應及時摘(zhai)除，為防(fang)止繼續(xu)(xu)出現(xian)畸形(xing)果，建議按600～800倍液(ye)噴施速效(xiao)硼(peng)和印度鈣混合液(ye)，6天1次，連續(xu)(xu)2～3次，對防(fang)治西紅柿畸形(xing)果實子粒(li)外露有較好的(de)效(xiao)果。